Family Systems Therapy

Key Points:

• Alderian Family Therapy

  

   Therapy Goals:

  Enable parents as leaders; unlock mistaken goals and interactional patterns in family; promotion of effective parenting 

  Techniques:

  • Family constellation
  • Typical Day
  • Goal Disclosure
  • Natural/Logical Consequences

• Multigenerational Family Therapy

  

  Therapy Goals:

  Differentiate the self; change the individual within the context of the system; decrease anxiety 

  Techniques:

  • Genograms
  • Dealings with Family-of-Origin Issues
  • De-triangulating Relationships

• Human Validation Process Model

  

  Therapy Goals:

  Promote growth, self-esteem, and connection; help family reach congruent communication and interaction 

  Techniques:

  • Empathy
  • Touch Communication
  • Sculpting
  • Role Playing
  • Family-Life Chronology

• Experiential Family Therapy

  

   Therapy Goals:

  Promote spontaneity, creativity, autonomy, and ability to play 

  Techniques:

  • Co-therapy
  • Self-disclosure
  • Confrontation
  • Use of Self as Change Agent

•  Structural Family Therapy

  

  Therapy Goals:

  Restructure family organization; change dysfunctional transactional patterns 

  Techniques:

  • Joining & Accommodating
  • Unbalancing
  • Tracking
  • Boundary Making
  • Enactments

• Strategic Family Therapy

  

  Therapy Goals:

  Eliminate presenting problem; change dysfunctional patterns; interrupt sequence 

  Techniques:

  • Reframing
  • Directives and Paradox
  • Amplifying
  • Pretending
  • Enactments

Postmodern Approaches

Solution-Focused Brief Therapy

Key Points:

• Solution Focus
• Positive Orientation
• looking for what is working, not problem-focused

Therapy Goals:
Goals are unique to each client and are constructed by the client to create a richer future. Solution-oriented therapy offers several forms of goals: changing the viewing of a situation, changing the doing of a problematic situation, and tapping clients strengths and resources.

Therapeutic Thechniques:

• Pretherapy Change
• Exception Questions
• The Miracle Question

• Scaling Questions
• Formula First Session Talk
• Feedback to Client
• Terminating

Narrative Therapy 

Key Points:

• Narrative Focus
• Role of Stories
• Listening with an Open Mind

Therapy Goals:
A general goal is to invite people to describe their experiences in new and fresh language to open up new vistas of what is possible.

Therapeutic Techniques:

•  Questions and More Questions
• Externalization and Deconstruction
• Search for Unique Outcomes
• Alternative Stories and Reauthoring
• Documenting the Evidence

Feminist Therapy

Key Points:

• View on Human Nature
• androcentric
• gendercentric
• heterosexist
• deterministic
• intrapsychic orientation
• Gender-fair approaches
• flexible multicultural perspective
• interactionist
• life-span perspective

•  Rational-cultural theory
• Principles of Feminist Therapy
1. the personal is political
2. commitment to social change
3. woman's and girl's voices and ways of knowing are valued and their experiences are honored
4. the counseling relationship is egalitarian - egalitarian relationship
5.   A focus on strengths and a reformulated definition of psychological distress
6.  all types of oppression are recognized

Therapeutic Goal:
To empower all people to create a world of equality that is reflected at individual, interpersonal, institutional, national, and global levels; to create the kind of society where sexism and other forms of discrimination and oppression are no longer a reality. Feminist therapy strives for transformation not only for the individual but for society as a whole.

Techniques:

• Empowerment
• Self-disclosure
• Gender-role Analysis
• Gender-role Intervention
• Power Analysis
• Bibliotherapy
• Assertiveness Training
• Reframing and Relabeling
• Social Action
• Group Work

Reality Therapy

Key Points:

• Choice Theory
• quality world
• picture album

• Total Behavior
• Emphasizing Choice and Responsibility
• Reject Transference
• Keeping Therapy in the Present
• Avoiding Symptom Focusing

Therapeutic Goals:
Reality therapists assist clients in making more effective and responsible choices related to their wants and needs.

Techniques:

• Cycling of Counseling
• creating counseling environment
• implementing specific procedures that lead to change in behavior
• "WDEP" System
• Wants
• Direction & Doing
• Self-evaluation
• Planning & Action

•  Group Counseling 

Cognative Behvior Therapy

Key Points:

• Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
• View of Emotional Disturbance
• autosuggestion
• self repetition
• A-B-C Framework
• cognitive reconstructuring

Therapeutic Goals:

Most rational emotive behavior therapists have the general goal of teaching clients how to separate the evaluation of their behaviors from the evaluation of themselves and how to accept themselves in spite of their imperfections

Techniques:

• Cognitive Methods
• disputing irrational beliefs
• doing cognitive homework 
• bibliotherapy
• changing one's language
• psycho-educational methods
• Emotive Techniques
• rational emotive imagery
• using humor
• role playing
• shame-attacking exercises

• Behavioral Techniques 

Behavior Therapy

Key Points:

• Four Areas of Development
• Classical Conditioning
• Operant Conditioning
• Social Learning Approach
• Cognitive Behavior Therap

Therapeutic Goals:

The general goals of behavior therapy are to increase personal choice and to create new conditions for learning.

Techniques: 

• Positive and Negative Reinforcement
• Extinction
• Positive and Negative Punishment
• Progressive Muscle Relaxation
• Systematic Desensitization
• Exposure Therapies: In Vivo Flooding
• Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
• Social Skills Training: Anger Management Training, Assertion Training
• Self-Management
• Multimodal Therapy
• Mindfulness
• Acceptance

Gestalt Therapy

Key Points:

• Paradoxical Theory of Change
• Holism
• figure
• ground
• Field Theory
• Figure-Formation Process
• Organism Self-Regulation
• The Now
• Phenomenological Inquiry
• Unfinished Business
• impasse
• Contact and Resistances to Contact
• Introjection
• Projection
• Retroflection
• Deflection
• Confluence

Therapeutic Goals:

Assisting the client to attain greater awareness, and with it, greater choice.

Techniques:

• Exercises
• Experiments
• Confrontation
• Empty-Chair Technique

Person-Centered Therapy

Key Points:

• View of Human Nature
•  Congruence
• Unconditional Positive Regard
• Accurate Emphatic Understanding
• Actualizing Tendency

Therapeutic Goals:

The person-centered approach aims toward the client achieving a greater degree of independence and integration.

Techniques:

• Early Emphasis on Reflection of Feelings
• Presence
• Immediacy
• Assessment
• Crisis Intervention
• Group Counseling
• Expressive Arts Therapy
• Motivational Interviewing

Existential Therapy

Key Points:

• Existential Tradition
• Capacity of Self-Awareness
• Freedom and Responsibility
• Striving for Identity and Relationship to Others
• Search for Meaning
• Anxiety as a Condition of Living
• normal anxiety
• neurotic anxiety
• Awareness of  Death and Non-being

Therapeutic Goals:
 Increased awareness is the central goal of existential therapy, which allows clients to discover that alternative possibilities exist where none were recognized before.
Techniques:

1. Therapists assist clients in identifying and clarifying their assumptions about the world. 
2. Clients are assisted in more fully examining the source and authority of their present values. 
3. Focus on helping people take what they are learning about themselves and put it into action.

Adlerian Therapy

Key Points:

• View of Human Nature
• humans are motivated primarily by social relatedness rather than by sexual urges
• inferior feelings
• Subjective Perception of Reality
• phenomenological
• subjective reality

• Unity and Patterns of Human Personality
• individual psychology
• holistic concept
• Purposeful and Goal Oriented Behavior
• fictional finalism

• Superiority
• Lifestyle
• Social Interest
• Community Feeling
• Birth Order

 Therapeutic Goals:
 To assist clients to understand their unique lifestyles ... and to act in such a way as to meet the tasks of life with courage and social interest.

Techniques:

1.  Establish the relationship
2. Explore individual's psychological dynamics
3. Encourage self-understanding
4. Reorientation and  reeducation

Psychoanalytic Therapy

Key Points:

• Structure of personality:
• ID
• EGO
• SUPEREGO

• Conscious and Unconscious mind

• Anxiety
• Reality anxiety: the fear of danger from the external world

• Neurotic anxiety: the fear that instincts will get out of hand and cause oneself to do something that will cause retaliation

• Moral anxiety: the fear of one's own conscience

• Ego-Defense Mechanisms
• Repression
• Denial
• Reaction formation
• Projection
• Displacement
• Rationalization
• Sublimation
• Regression
• Introjection
• Identification
• Compensation

• Development of Personality
• Psychosexual stages
• Oral stage
• Anal stage
• phallic stage
• genital stage

Therapeutic Goals:
 The ultimate goal of psychoanalytic treatment is to increase adaptive functioning, which involves the reduction of symptoms and the resolution of conflicts.

 Techniques:

• "Blank-Screen" Approach
• Transference
• Working-through
• Free Association
• Dream Analysis
• Interpretation